Do this as soon as possible or at least five working days before a scheduled court proceeding. Feb 13, 2024 · The toll-free number is 1-800-963-5337 (1-800-96-ELDER). Abrams Administrative Clerk. Legal Support Transcription Services team has the expertise, the flexibility, and most important of all, the absolute commitment to customer service, to help our clients create the complete written record their cases require. Its head office is in the capital and it has jurisdiction across the state. Court reporters save time, are cost-effective, and provide quality results through the use of cutting-edge technology. Our Services. gov. I highly recommend Huseby to all attorneys. Courts on behalf of the Federal Judiciary. 00pm to 5. Click here and let us know about your experience . Cogent Legal Services: Your Trusted Partner in Legal Support. What are the court reporting methods? Court reporters are commonly understood to be operators of stenographic court RCW 2. From 8:00 AM to 7:30 PM. Call Us (561) 356-0831. Contact Us Administrative Office of Courts Judicial Building 300 Dexter Ave. DC Coalition Against Domestic Violence: 202-299-1181. Aug 25, 2023 · With growing numbers of people needing help, the traditional strategies of soup kitchens and shelters are falling short. 1993, p. Public Records Policy. We take great care in providing you with the best suited 2023-2024 LACCRA Board of Directors! Attorneys and members of the general public who wish to order a transcript of Los Angeles Superior Court proceedings are directed to the Los Angeles County Superior Court website: Click here to be redirected. The Supreme Court of Hawai`i seeks your comments on proposed rules changes when documents appear below. Phone: (702) 489-8787 NVCCRB@gmail. Family Link @ Lengkok Bahru 8, Lengkok Bahru, #03-01 Singapore 159052. Syariah Court Singapore. Please select the appropriate option. to 5:00 p. In fact, our Chicago court reporter program was the first in the nation. . DC 24 Hour Suicide Hotline: 888-793-4357. For iFAMS Technical Support: Mon-Sat: 8am - 8pm/except Sat (2pm) Tel: (65) 6756 3874. A. Public Records. Report an Issue to submit a Help Desk ticket online. 703-305-0251 Fax. All three portions had to be passed at once. 6272. Legal Aid of Nebraska has two A2J Centers. EOIR maintains an Automated Case Information System that allows you to check your case status online. General Civil cases includes matters where parties are seeking monetary relief up to $50,000. Users can dial 1-800-898-7180 (toll-free) to obtain case status information 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call or chat with a lawyer who can help you represent yourself in your civil case. m. SG and choose FlexiPlans at our Online Check Out Page ; Visit any of our COURTS stores, where our sales consultants will assist you ; Call the COURTS Customer Service hotline at 1800 222 6868; SMS your full name to 78838, and we will get in touch on your enquiry; Email to flexiplans@courts. Click here for SDA. COM. The U. NCRA Certification History. , a court reporting firm leading the industry in the 20th and 21st centuries. Latin for ‘wedge,’ this form of writing utilized pictographs which were formed in clay by a wedge-shaped Official Website of the New Jersey Judiciary. 602-452-3545 TTY (Hearing Impaired) If staff is unable to answer your call, please leave your confidential voice message and your call will be returned as soon as possible during business hours. Family disputes are inherently different from other types of legal disputes and should not be dealt with in an adversarial manner. 866. JudiciaryNews. 30pm. Call 1-866-222-8029 and say the name of the court or enter the court’s unique extension. EOIR's Automated Case Information System and Hotline. For more information about the district: This court is part of the Tenth Judicial District. The number is 1-800-898-7180. For any enquiry on our services, please refer to One Judiciary website. § 753 sets forth the proceedings to be recorded including: such other proceedings as a judge of the court may direct or as may be required by rule or order of Request Info. Complete a Court Reporting Program. Cogent Legal Services is a Florida-based, client-oriented legal services firm that offers an extensive array of court reporting and related services in several Contact your local federal court or state court directly if you're looking for information on: A specific court case. National Domestic Violence Hotline: 800-799-SAFE. Elizabeth Gallo Court Reporting, LLC, provides clients with that capability with our Atlanta court reporters and nationwide court reporters. ) 15-14-21. Tel: +97143706037. Scheduling on-line. WHATSAPP ENQUIRY. Welcome to the Texas Judicial Branch. Learn More. In addition to providing excellent work product, Huseby is great at working with attorneys regarding details such as finding a location for an out-of-town depositions or assisting in making remote depositions run smoothly. Michela RossExecutive Director P. 03-3000 8998. Conference rooms for mediations & client meetings. The Office of Court Administration (OCA) is a unique state agency in the Judicial Branch that operates under the direction and supervision of the Supreme Court of Texas and the Chief Justice. This means that, in each calendar year, persons summoned for jury service will serve only one day or, if selected for a trial, for the length of that trial. Rating: S$469. Pay your annual attorney fee, sign up for eCourts, manage your JACS account, and more. The courthouse is located at 1400 E. /international locations. 45 order is a criminal offence, subject to certain specific defences. Can I change my mind after my Absolute 0% purchase? Q. However, where this education is obtained may differ, as court reporting programs are available in a number of institutions, from community colleges Use a touch-tone phone to access a limited bankruptcy case information directly from a court’s database, using the Multi-court Voice Case Information System. North Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21213-1407. Whether you decide to earn a degree or a certificate, it's important to CONTACT INFORMATION. The following calendar lists courses that are pre The information available on MCRO is limited to case, hearing, and monetary judgment search results; case record information; Registers of Actions; monetary judgment details; and documents for publicly accessible district court case records that may also be available online, as defined by Rule 8, subd. Tel: 6354 8371 | Email: MCCY_Syariah@mccy. The Small Claims Part hears cases where parties Jun 28, 2024 · Here are the steps you can take to begin your career in court reporting: 1. Specifically, individuals must complete a recognized court reporting program. This standard is equivalent to those set by the National Court Reporters Association (NCRA) for stenographers. Veritext, a national court reporting company, with more than 40 state-of-the-art deposition facilities, is the premier agency for your court reporting needs. 2, 2023. (Monday to Thursday) From 8:00 AM to 11:30 PM. For over 35 years Sandy Saunders Court Reporting has provided exceptional court reporting services in the New York Tri-State area. Talk to a lawyer for free at the Court Help Center. The s. The following information relates to the primary case only. We do depositions, video technology, and more! 410-260-1392. 00pm. The Housing Part hears landlord-tenant matters and cases involving maintenance of housing standards. Attorney If you are still unable to log in: 1. Manila. I. Help can be in person, over the phone, or online. Court Reporting Services are responsible for creating the verbatim record of court proceedings required to be reported/recorded at public expense in Flagler, Putnam, St. Court Help Center Location: Second floor, directly across from the Clerk's Office. ), court reporter programs are plentiful, both in physical campuses and throughout a number of online institutions. Reach us now to schedule in-person or video teleconferencing at the location most convenient for you. This specialization has created new Feb 7, 2024 · Office of Equal Employment Opportunity. Showing 1 to 10 of 2,741 entries. Federal court reporters record proceedings and produce transcripts of court proceedings. O. from 8:30 a. 800. 52580 or appellatepda. COURTS Customer Care. State Board of Court Reporting. This County District Court processes filings for civil, criminal, traffic, family, probate, and juvenile matters in Anoka County. Friday. Read more. Here is information about immigration proceedings for which you may be interested. Or select. Transcription of CDs & DVDs. EMAIL US YOUR INQUIRIES. See filing fees. 345, ' 1; Ga. COURT REPORTING ACT 15-14-20. For help with pretrial detention appeals, contact the pretrial detention appeals team at 609-815-2950 ext. Taylor Multi-Service Center 7500 Gov. The Public Safety Report System (PSRS) is now live. Our company is recognized within the legal community as a professional reporting service, catering to the individual needs of each law firm we work with. CRPTR Phone or Email Contact Information. (334) 328-7708. sg LIFT, Legal Information for Families Today:Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm, 1-212-343-1122 (Statewide). Hon. NOTE: For other phone numbers and contact information, please see the "Contact Us" tab below. The court may appoint trained individuals for cases involving children. Monday to Thursday: 9. Maintenance Meditation Chambers at Havelock Square. Linda Lewis Administrative Commissioner. Jury duty scam reported. The Florida Bar Lawyer Referral Service can assist seniors and other persons in finding an attorney, particularly those persons who are not eligible for publicly funded legal services or who have a legal need that cannot be met through legal aid. My Sister's Place: 202-529-5991. Self-Help Center Adult Guardianship & Conservatorship Self-Help Phone Line Family Law Self-Help Center Phone Line This site is maintained by the Administrative Office of the U. See All News Stories. For jurors only. Court reporting is the process which creates and preserves a record of words spoken in court, and when necessary, provides their timely and accurate transcription in the event that an appeal is filed. 445. The goal of this system is to minimize the Locations. CUSTOMER SERVICE HOTLINE. Family Law Help Center. 272. Main Phone: (763) 760-6700. Administrative Order A-2010-01-E specifies the use of court reporters and the procedures related to electronic recording as well as what steps Feb 24, 2022 · Inquiries about the Board may be forwarded to. We want your feedback. For Emergency applications in Supreme Court civil cases outside of regular court hours, call: (800) 430-8457, or email: emergency@nycourts. Monday through Friday (excluding court holidays). 800-732-8193 Toll Free. May 10, 2023 · What Number to Call for Immigration Court Information. 2. Download this free whitepaper and see how remote depositions can maximize attorney value and minimize travel expenses. Journalists have the same access to courthouses and court records as other members of the public. Universal Court Reporting is located throughout Florida, including Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Orlando and Tampa. Following the issuance of a new hearing notice, such information will be Explore options specifically for you. 8900 - Text answer@macomb. S. sg Please contact court reporting staff for additional information regarding online payment options. Choose your career path. Government. MANILA. Jurors receive a summons that tells them to appear at the courthouse for jury service. Falls Church, VA 22041. Nunn, III, named as the new administrative judge for District 3. Attend a Court Reporter School or Program. S$57. We provide fast, reliable, and accurate court reporting so you can concentrate your best efforts on winning cases and preparing for important meetings. What is Credit Card Instalment? Q: Do I qualify for Credit Card Instalment? Q. The mission of the TJSP is to exercise, through its judges, the typical functions of the Judiciary. Save a trip to the courthouse by submitting your court filings online. The Court of Justice of São Paulo (Portuguese: Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo (TJSP)) is the judicial branch of the Government of São Paulo. Our Services: Court Reporting for depositions, trials, hearings, meetings, etc. 8:30 a. 165 (2) states "An employer shall not deprive an employee of employment or threaten, coerce, or harass an employee, or deny an employee promotional opportunities because the employee receives a summons, responds to the summons, serves as a juror, or attends court for prospective jury service. Regional Trial Court (RTC) 9. Hotlines and General Information. Court Directory / Locations & Hours. Add to wishlist Compare. a. Regional Trial Court (RTC) 10. New: OCA's Standardized Protective Order Forms. cservice@courts. ENQUIRIES WITH WHATSAPP (text message The Civil Court of the City of New York consists of 3 parts: General Civil, Housing, and Small Claims. Contact the Help Desk for assistance by phone at (609) 421-6100, Monday through Friday, 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM. Breach of a s. Browse our fully staffed regional centers throughout Florida, as well as U. District Court Help Center. New Reporting Instructions and Guidance Documents related to HB 1182 (Counties with Population Over 1 Million) and HB 2384 (Court Performance, ALL Counties) are now posted. Enter city, county, or zip code. Glen Burnie. • Call us at 1800 222 6868 (local toll free number) or. There are over 20 million lawsuits in the TJSP (26% of all lawsuits in Brazil). The toll-free number is 1-800-342-8011. Montgomery, AL 36124-1565. COURTS Warranty Terms & Conditions 2020. Email. You may also call the Public Affairs Office at the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO) at (202) 502-2600 with Self-Help Locations. Our many years of experience ensure that you will receive a verbatim transcript that is professional, accurate and timely. The state of New York has an abundance of education options with four on-campus schools and several accredited online institutions from which you can earn either an associate’s degree or certificate in court reporting. Family justice in Singapore is guided by the principles of therapeutic justice (TJ) which seek to preserve healthier and more constructive familial relationships even in situations of disharmony and breakdown. Local language access coordinators by judicial district. You may submit your comments in writing to the Judiciary Communications and Community Relations Office by mail to 417 South King Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, by FAX to 808-539-4801, or via our online form. Oct 2, 2023 · Federal Court Reporting Program. Driving DirectionsFrom 695: Take Exit 3 to Route 2, Ritchie Highway. Sasha Bruce Youthwork: 202-675-9340. " Feb 27, 2023 · The National Verbatim Reporters Association (NVRA) upholds and maintains the gold standard for voice writer court reporters. These centers are self-help centers in Lancaster and Douglas Counties where low-income people can access legal resources including computers, forms, and self-help clinics. Home Appliances, Electronics & More. mailbox@njcourts. ). Most documents are filed electronically in appellate, district, and bankruptcy courts, and are If you are still unable to log in: 1. Available 24/7 by phone. If your comment/concern is regarding a specific court case, Jury Service, Hours of Operation, Contact Information, or ADA Coordinators, please contact your local court. So this year the city has come up with a new temporary solution: the micro Welcome to the Office of Court Administration. Through a comprehensive post-secondary court reporting program, reporters are able to capture spoken words in a phonetic code on a stenotype machine, with each line of characters representing a sound or For assistance with the online payment of court ordered fines, face mask tickets and old traffic tickets (traffic tickets issued before May 26, 2020), you may contact the following telephone number: (868) 224-5182. The Court Reporting program is accredited by the National Court Reporters Association, 12030 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 400, Reston, VA 20191, 1. sg/div-appt. Martin-Balictar, Jacqueline Sabado. Louis, MO New York, NY Essex County, NJ Philadelphia, PA Seattle, WA. The first step to becoming a court reporter involves the completion of a recognized court reporter program. Potential jurors are randomly selected from driver’s license, state identification (ID), and voter registration records. until 8:00 p. The length of jury service depends on the county in which a juror lives. L. Add to Wish List Add to Compare. Buy Online Now! Since 1990, Colorado law has made jury service more convenient by using a one day/one trial system. 90 S$129. Frequently Asked Questions. Feb 2, 2021 · Court reporters, also known as stenographers or Certified Shorthand Reporters (CSRs), capture and preserve a record of what transpired during legal proceedings, including depositions, hearings, arbitrations, and trials. 00 (save 17%) Add to Cart. Local Court Reporters In Florida’s Key Locations. The 2024 Maryland Mediators Convention is a success. A clear choice for your court reporting needs. Circuit Court Help Center. Macomb1 - Toll Free 586. Box: 4700 Dubai, United Arab Emirates. There was no written knowledge component. Jury service information for Minnesota District Courts. The history of the technological advancements in the world of court reporting and stenography begin, in truth, with the beginning of writing itself. These opinions provide ethical guidance for judges and judicial employees and assist in the interpretation of the codes of conduct and ethics Remote Depositions Drive Significant Cost Savings. Seek help for a tribunal/simplified POHA case: Community Courts and Tribunals Friend Scheme If you need administrative or emotional support for a tribunal/simplified POHA case, you can apply for the court to approve a Community Courts and Tribunals Friend. Monday - Friday. If you are a recent arrival and were apprehended between ports of entry on or after May 28, 2021, placed in removal proceedings, and enrolled in Alternatives to How does COURTS collect on late payments? Q. It is declared by the General Assembly that the practice of court reporting carries important responsibilities in The first step after receiving a petition is to answer and give the court your defenses. Post Office Box 241565. Address: Dubai, Umm Hurair 2, Wafi Mall, 1st Floor. 5107 Leesburg Pike, Suite 2100. " (Ga. Short title. Slrose_CCR@yahoo. Depending on the state where you plan to work, the requirements to become a court reporter may include earning an associate degree or completing a certificate program. my. For help during business hours, contact the eCourts Appellate team at 609-815-2950 ext. 00 (save 30%) Add to Cart. Voice writers use their voices to keep an accurate recording of proceedings equivalent to stenographers who 3. NOVITA ND2 (UV) - CHIFFON BLUE 2 IN 1 AIR PURIFIER AND DEHUMIDIFIER. The purpose of this site is to provide information from and about the Judicial Branch of the U. I am an existing Absolute 0% customer and would like to check on my account information / shorten my payment terms. Friday: 9. Mar 20, 2018 · The Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) established an electronic phone system to provide EOIR's customers with ready access to immigration court information in English and Spanish. com. Use the Court CM/ECF Lookup to find the court’s unique extension. Hengerer Administrative Judge. Huseby is my go-to company for court reporting and videographer services. Schedule onsite or Schedule an appointment with our case officers for case specific queries related to Divorce, Originating Summons, Summons and Family appeals: go. Hotline staff strive to provide accurate information, education, and referrals. C. Aug 17, 2023 · CONTACT US. 703-756-8582 EEO Main Line. Last Modified: 2/24/2022 5:58 AM. com, or text us at 412-206-6187. 1315, ' 7. Purpose. 00 (save 55%) Add to Cart. Handling jury matters. Please contact your local court if you need bond hearing information. Find the address and phone number of your local federal court using the Federal Court Finder. Email: EOIR. 10. The Judicial Conference of the United States has authorized its Committee on Codes of Conduct to publish formal advisory opinions on ethical issues that are frequently raised or have broad application. Lexitas is a national court reporting & medical record retrieval legal service provider assisting law firms, corporations, and insurance companies. Mary J. Promotional code excludes HomeClub points, Advertised Products with Limited Sets, Online Deal Products & Pre-Orders. 45A YJCEA if the relevant conditions are met. Judge John E. By appointment only. edu Proposed Rule Changes . We are open from 8:30 a. +65 62326720 (overseas call charges applies) for any assistance required. In 1937 the National Shorthand Reporters Association introduced its Certificate of Proficiency, which consisted of five-minute dictations of literary material at 160 words per minute; jury charge at 180 wpm; and testimony at 200 wpm. 00am to 1. Box 45019 Newark, New Jersey 07101 Directions. The court reporter programs offered at the following institutions are committed to excellence in realtime reporter education and have met the General Requirements and Minimum Standards (GRMS) established by the Council on Approved Student Education (CASE) of the National Court Reporters Association, earning the right to describe themselves as NCRA-approved. The MacCormac School of Court Reporting at Generations College is an industry-leading college of court reporting. question@nycourts. 2023 Wiretap Report: Intercepts Fall, Arrests Rise June 28, 2024 No Funds Available for Additional Chapter 7 Trustee Payments May 3, 2024 Program Recalls Courage of Fred Korematsu and his Fight for Justice May 2, 2024. District Court for Anne Arundel County George M. 1974, p. Court reporters play an important role in our judicial system, capturing, protecting, and preserving records of court proceedings and pre-trial depositions. Eligible for minimum spend of $99 and capped at $110. This board licenses and regulates certified shorthand reporters in New Jersey. Long term success for any business means doing things right. House of Ruth: 202-667-7001. All you need to do is fill out the form above. Please call the immigration court handling your case if you need clarification regarding your hearing date and time. – 4:30 p. The Court Reporter Statute, 28 U. Promotional code FURN20 is valid for ONLINE Only. This access is governed by a mix of federal laws, federal judicial policy, and circuit or district courts’ local rules and practices. Saymo-Llabres, Lady Rochelle Sapitula. This phone line is different from general immigration customer service numbers. It's an automated line, meant for people with a case pending in an immigration court or at the Board of Immigration Appeals ( B. Last updated Oct. gov . Q. In-Person Help. What is court reporting? Court reporting is the process which creates and preserves a record of words spoken in court, and when necessary, provides their timely and accurate transcription in the event that an appeal is filed. 2 of the Minnesota Rules of Public Access The Child Support Call Center is currently experiencing an outage. EEOMailbox@usdoj. This is accomplished through the use of digital court recording and includes the following proceedings: Criminal (felony & misdemeanor) COURTS Warranty Terms & Conditions 2022. Welcome to CRC Salomon, Inc. Whether the source material is an audio recording, a written document, or something more unusual – say, a rap Keep yourself safe from cyber criminals imitating court telephone numbers (“spoofing”) who demand payment! Anyone who receives a suspicious phone call should hang up and verify the status of their case using the NMCourts Case Lookup tool. Click for a full list of locations. A court reporter is a professional who is most often licensed and/or certified to record proceedings using a stenotype machine. Monday - Friday from 8:30 a. 3 days ago · **If the date on your subpoena does not match the date above, that could mean the online hotline is down. Attestations Personal Status Services Notary Public Services except marriage contracts. Captioners, court reporters, and legal videographers are all focused on capturing the spoken word. NOVITA ND838i DEHUMIDIFIER 6L. Please call the phone hotline number that is listed on your subpoena** Below are phone hotline numbers: All District Court Judges 517-272-4170 Judge Draganchuk 517-272-4166 Judge Jamo 517-272-4164 Judge Aquilina 517-272-4168 518-453-8650. Alabama Board of Court Reporting. The path to a court reporting career is rather standard in terms of education. 00 RM 2,299. St. General Information: 410-878-8500 | Toll-free (In-state only): 1-800-939-4523 TTY users call Maryland RELAY: 711. - 8 p. Shop for your essentials at COURTS. In ancient Mesopotamia, the Sumerians developed a system or writing called cuneiform. Verbatim Legal Solutions is a Florida-based court reporting company, providing best-in-class court reporting, videoconferencing, interpretation, and trial support services throughout the United States. 7999 - Local 586. ; New York State Child Support Helpline: 1-888-208-4485New York State Central Register for Child Abuse and Maltreatment:Their Child Abuse Hotline number is: 1-800-342-3720 Request a foreign language court interpreter. Montgomery, Alabama 36104 Phone 1-866-954-9411 For juror-related questions, please visit this page: Juror Help For e-filing questions, please visit this page: E-Filing Help Self-Help Centers and Legal Clinics Legal Aid of Nebraska's Access to Justice (A2J) Center. P. The Office of Court Administration ("OCA") is the administrative arm of the court system, under the direction of the Chief Administrative Judge. Or select Report an Issue to submit a Help Desk ticket online. Geoffrey G. 36. RM 1,599. Welcome. In these circumstances, the court now has the power to impose life-long anonymity under s. 45 reporting restriction ceases to apply when the young person reaches the age of 18. Forms and instructions for requesting court records. Service Hours. 00 S$569. Welcome to the Automated Case Information System. Tenants in housing court have a right to counsel or to legal advice but the legal service providers are overwhelmed and you may need to represent yourself. Flexi Plan (For existing Flexi Plan account) The ability to engage in online court reporter scheduling is a tremendous benefit for anyone who needs to take care of this aspect of litigation. Jan 30, 2013 · Court of Justice of São Paulo (TJSP) is the largest judiciary department in the world. Johns and Volusia counties. Videography. You can also contact the court directly or call court customer service at: 855-268-7804. Who can I contact if I have a question pertaining to my CD or Transcript request? You may contact Court Reporting Services at (954) 831-6260 for assistance. Naturalizations. This article shall be known and may be cited as "The Georgia Court Reporting Act. To access the New Jersey Courts website, visit NJCourts. Ritchie Highway Glen Burnie, Maryland 21061. 00pm, 2. The final deliverable, a verbatim transcript of the proceeding, can be used as evidence at trial. Our mission is to provide resources and information for the efficient administration of the Judicial Branch What is court reporting and captioning? NCRA represents a variety of professionals in the court reporting industry. 52590 or appellateT7. LASC Official Reporters’ contact information is not accessible through this website. Notify the language access coordinator for the judicial district that you need an interpreter. If you have questions for our Call Center you can either email FamilyInfoEmails@pacses. Attorney admissions and bar memberships. Operating hour is from Monday to Sunday & Public Holiday, 10am – 10pm. You must go to the court in person to answer. In addition, the Judicial Branch has been working to further reform the jury system. Because this field has increased – and continues to increase – in popularity (The BLS states that demand for court reporters will increase 14 percent between 2010 and 2020. What is Court Reporting? Court reporters are highly trained professionals who share a unique ability to convert the spoken word into information that can be read, searched, and archived. Georgia Certified Court Reporters CE Preapprovals for 2024 Also available in a PDF format – Click Here The Georgia Board of Court Reporting (BCR) promotes interaction and exchanging ideas among court reporters in a professional educational setting. Installment Plans Available. 349. GEORGIA CODE SECTIONS 1. 770-262-2189. Court documents. You may search by: Case number. Step 1. Shop Thousands of Great Deals. Office of Equal Employment Opportunity. Self-Help Centers can provide legal information and resources to people without a lawyer. Find all of our forms, self-help kits, and program brochures. EMAIL. gc gu im lr fc bu hq lt hp mb