Theoretical distribution formula. The game only looks at non-negative differences.

The variance of the uniform distribution is: σ2 = b-a2 / 12. The sample mean [latex]=7. An informative prior expresses specific, definite information about a variable. The shape of a chi-square distribution is determined by the parameter k. The student will compare technology-generated simulation and a theoretical distribution. Example 7. 1 6. Multinomial distribution. Step 3: Add the percentages in the shaded area: 0. For samples of a single size n n, drawn from a population with a given mean μ μ and variance σ2 σ 2, the sampling distribution of sample means will have a mean μX¯¯¯¯¯ = μ μ X ¯ = μ and variance σ2X = σ2 n σ X 2 = σ 2 n. For normalization purposes. It is often called the expected value of M, denoted μ M. Assuming a Gaussian distribution (normal distribution), the theoretical plate number is represented by equation (1). You'll also learn about concepts used to minimize the risk of drawing the wrong conclusion about the results of hypothesis tests! View Chapter Details. The binomial distribution is a common way to test the distribution and it is frequently used in statistics. 3 Binomial Distribution; 4. The t -distribution, also known as Student’s t -distribution, is a way of describing data that follow a bell curve when plotted on a graph, with the greatest number of observations close to the mean and fewer observations in the tails. For instance, if we wish to check whether a sample is normally distributed, we compare the Jul 28, 2023 · The sample mean = 7. The Maxwell-Boltzmann equation, which forms the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, defines the distribution of speeds for a gas at a certain temperature. Favourable outcomes/ No. They aren’t perfectly equal because the sample distribution has a very small skew. Use them to find the probability distribution, the mean, and the standard deviation of the sample mean \(\bar{X}\). , minutes or meters). It is completely defined by the population mean and population standard deviation. Even though the normal distribution is theoretical, the distributions of many fields in the real world resemble the normal distribution. DIST(3, 5, 0. It shows how often each different value appears within a dataset. 4, there is no value x such that the CDF is 0. z = 230 ÷ 150 = 1. This states such an event does not require experimental data. , [3] ). abilities for discrete or continuous variables. 1 INTRODUCTION In chapter nine, it may be recalled, we discussed frequency distribution. 1. Empirical research distribution is compared with a suitable Jan 31, 2022 · Sampling distributions describe the assortment of values for all manner of sample statistics. Empirical probability refers to the probability of an event based on observed data or experimental results. A z-score is a standardized value. csv("data. The correct expression [7] is. Mean and variance of functions of random variables. Here x represents values of the random variable X, P ( x) represents the corresponding May 2, 2024 · Empirical Probability Meaning. 4 Geometric Distribution; 4. 05 or 5% and can be expressed as a 1 The binomial distribution is the PMF of k successes given n independent events each with a probability p of success. Jan 21, 2021 · The binomial formula is cumbersome to use, so you can find the probabilities by using technology. Generally, a theoretical distribution may be useful as an idealisation or approximation for interpolation and for comparisons. There are two most important variables in the binomial formula such as: Aug 28, 2019 · The bottom line is that, as the relative frequency distribution of a sample approaches the theoretical probability distribution it was drawn from, the variance of the sample will approach the theoretical variance of the distribution. 5/32, 5/32; 10/32, 10/32. Each possible outcome is uncertain and the set of all the possible outcomes is called the sample space. In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time if these events occur with a known constant mean rate and independently of the time since the last event. The general form of its probability density function is The parameter is the mean or expectation of the distribution (and also its median and mode ), while the parameter is the Feb 28, 2021 · Theoretical Distribution Complete Chapter | CA Foundation Statistics Chapter-16 | As Per New SchemeIn This Video We Will Discuss CA Foundation Statistics Cha The ICDF is more complicated for discrete distributions than it is for continuous distributions. M = 1150. So you see the symmetry. 5, TRUE) returns the probability that the coin lands on heads 3 times or fewer. 33[/latex]. ⁡. Nov 30, 2022 · In the following, the normal distribution is assumed to be the theoretical distribution. Show step. Mar 17, 2023 · The KS test was developed by Andrey Kolmogorov and Nikolai Smirnov in the 1930s. As reported, the data are ordered, therefore the order statistics are y1 = 0, y2 = 1, y3 = 2, y4 = 2, y5 = 4, y6 = 6, y7 = 6, and y8 = 7. Calculate probabilities and expected value of random variables, and look at ways to ransform and combine random variables. 6) x! which associates probabilities with all possible numbers of occurrences, Xmfrom zero to infinitely many. Figure 7. 3. , the z distribution) can have zero skew, real data almost always have at least a bit of skew. May 10, 2022 · For example, the mean chick weight is 261. The formula is given as E ( X) = μ = ∑ x P ( x). The student will demonstrate an understanding of long-term probabilities. 1 Introduction. Find all possible random samples with replacement of size two and compute the sample mean for each one. The center is the mean or average of the means which is equal to the true population mean, μ. I'll leave you there for this video. Jul 5, 2024 · Theorem 8. In Statistics, the probability distribution gives the possibility of each outcome of a random experiment or event. To recall, the probability is a measure of uncertainty of various phenomena. The F -distribution is a particular parametrization of the beta prime distribution, which is also called the beta distribution of the second kind. The probability of one appetizer, well, that's going to be 90, the over 500, which is the same thing as nine over 50. 5, TRUE) The probability that the coin lands on heads more than 3 times is 0. Suppose we take samples of size 1, 5, 10, or 20 from a population that consists entirely of the numbers 0 and 1, half the population 0, half 1, so that the population mean is 0. Therefore, using the definition of the empirical distribution function, we have: and: and. As shown in Fig. Calculate the empirical distribution function Fn ( x ). More specifically a theoretical model provides equations from which useful statistics such as mean, variance and confidence estimates can be calculated. The characteristic function is listed incorrectly in many standard references (e. e. I focus on the mean in this post. The Poisson distribution has only one parameter, λ (lambda), which is the mean number of events. When you calculate the CDF for a binomial with, for example, n = 5 and p = 0. For x = 2, the CDF increases to 0. It gives the probability of an event happening a certain number of times ( k) within a given interval of time or space. An empirical probability is closely related to the Nov 5, 2020 · The z score tells you how many standard deviations away 1380 is from the mean. Note: In this example, BINOM. A random variable is some outcome from a chance process, like how many heads will occur in a series of 20 flips, or how many seconds it took someone to read this sentence. Mar 26, 2023 · Learn how to define and calculate the probability distribution of a discrete random variable, and how to use it to model real-world situations. For example, the theoretical probability that a dice lands on “2” after one roll can be calculated as: May 13, 2022 · A Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution. For x = 1, the CDF is 0. • is the base of the natural logarithms. Here is the sample space showing the Mar 13, 2024 · Normal Distribution: The normal distribution, also known as the Gaussian or standard normal distribution, is the probability distribution that plots all of its values in a symmetrical fashion, and Jan 8, 2024 · The central limit theorem states: Theorem 6. where U ( a, b, z) is the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind. Moreover, it can also be used to approximate other probability distributions, thus justifying the usage of the word normal as in pertaining to the one that is mostly used. 6 Poisson Distribution; 4. It is a type of normal distribution used for smaller sample sizes, where the The student will compare empirical data and a theoretical distribution to determine if an everyday experiment fits a discrete distribution. 2: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions. The standard normal probability density function has the famous bell shape that is known to just about everyone. From this distribution function, the most probable speed, the average speed, and the root-mean-square speed can be derived. The spread is called the standard error, 𝜎 M. The shape of our sampling distribution is normal. This is a application of Corollary 6. Step 2: Divide the difference by the standard deviation. [1] May 31, 2019 · To answer this question, we can use the following formula in Excel: 1 – BINOM. 2. The formula to calculate the theoretical probability of event A happening is: P(A) = number of desired outcomes / total number of possible outcomes. 4 days ago · Empirical Probability: A form of probability that is based on some event occurring, which is calculated using collected empirical evidence. hide. 5. The skew normal still has a normal-like tail in the direction of the skew, with a shorter tail in the other direction; that is, its density is asymptotically proportional to for some positive . The formula to calculate the experimental probability is: P (E Solution: Step 1: Sketch a normal distribution with a mean of μ = 150 cm and a standard deviation of σ = 30 cm . This section was added to the post on the 7th of November, 2020. It is suggested, following earlier theoretical work, that for all cylindrical shells and bombs the number of fragments of weights between m and m + dm will be given by the formula Fragmentation of H. Generally, the under-represented minority class is the class of interest. However, if a Jun 5, 2023 · The theoretical distribution of probability deals with the theoretical assumption to find the occurrence of an event. Solution Characteristics of the Sampling Distribution. The graph below shows examples of Poisson distributions with A random variable has an F distribution if it can be written as a ratio between a Chi-square random variable with degrees of freedom and a Chi-square random variable , independent of , with degrees of freedom (where each variable is divided by its degrees of freedom). The integral of the rest of the function is square root of 2xpi. If y is the z-score for a value x from the normal Student Learning Outcomes. Jan 8, 2024 · Formula. For example, if you have two raffle tickets and 100 tickets were sold: Ratio = number of favorable outcomes / number of possible outcomes = 2/100 = . The t- distribution is very similar to the normal distribution. For example, it models the probability of counts for each side of a k -sided dice rolled n times. 1: Graph of FX for a simple random variable. The data follow a uniform distribution where all values between and including zero and 14 are equally likely. Write the distribution in proper notation, and calculate the theoretical mean and standard deviation. . 1 λ. Develop probability distributions: Theoretical probabilities. Here we shall confine our studies to Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions of which Binomial and Poisson distributions are discrete distributions whereas Normal distri. to the empirical sample, whereas a theoretical distribution doesn't w. It converges with probability 1 to that underlying distribution, according to the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem. In statistics, a frequency distribution represents the number of occurrences of different outcomes in a dataset. Write your answer as a fraction, decimal or percentage. A board game has players roll two dice — one 6 -sided and one 4 -sided — and subtract the numbers showing on the faces. 718 . Such a distribution describes an experiment where there is an arbitrary outcome that lies between certain bounds. 7) (Chapter 3. Poisson Distribution – Basic Application; Normal Distribution – Basic Application; Binomial Distribution Criteria. However, while a CDF is a hypothetical model of a distribution, the ECDF models empirical (i. Then, the Poisson probability is: P (x, λ ) = (e– λ λx)/x! In Poisson distribution, the mean is represented as E (X) = λ. Oct 13, 2016 · Oct 13, 2016 at 18:57. [1] The bounds are defined by the parameters, and which are the minimum and 4. The formula for the normal probability density function looks fairly complicated. What is the theoretical probability that a randomly chosen pinky length is more than 6. 35 % + 13. Use a normal approximation based on the sample mean and standard deviation. Mathematically, when α = k + 1 and β = n − k + 1, the beta distribution and the binomial distribution are related by [clarification needed] a factor of n + 1 : Apr 23, 2022 · The standard normal distribution is a continuous distribution on R with probability density function ϕ given by ϕ(z) = 1 √2πe − z2 / 2, z ∈ R. Its distribution is the standard normal, Z∼N (0,1). According to Planck's distribution law, the spectral energy density (energy per unit volume per unit frequency) at given temperature is given by (SI units): (,) = ⁡ alternatively, the law can be expressed for the spectral radiance of a body for frequency ν at absolute temperature T (in the cgs units) given as: (,) = ⁡ where k B is the It calls for values of \(n\) and \(p\), selects suitable \(k\) values, and plots the distribution function for the binomial, a continuous approximation to the distribution function for the Poisson, and continuity adjusted values of the gaussian distribution function at the integer values. Step 2: The diameter of 120 cm is one standard deviation below the mean. Substitute these values into the formula. This distribution will approach normality as n n The procedure ddbn may be used to plot the distribution function for a simple random variable from a matrix X of values and a corresponding matrix PX of probabilities. 1 (Sampling distribution of the mean) If X1, X2, …, Xn is a random sample of size n from a population with mean μ and variance σ2, then the sample mean ˉX has a sampling distribution with mean μ and variance σ2 / n. 71828. Proof that ϕ is a probability density function. Ratios of this kind occur very often in statistics. No matter what the population looks like, those sample means will be roughly normally distributed given a reasonably large sample size (at least 30). t. The mean of the z-scores is zero and the standard deviation is one. This LibreTexts book chapter covers the basic concepts, formulas, examples, and exercises of discrete probability distributions. An empirical cumulative distribution function (also called the empirical distribution function, ECDF, or just EDF) and a cumulative distribution function are basically the same thing: they are both probability models for data. 1/32, 1/32. x = 1380. But to use it, you only need to know the population mean and standard deviation. On the other hand, going as per the formula it is defined as the ratio of the number of favourable results to the number of possible results. For instance, if you build empirical CDF from observations of Poisson variable, the obtained ECDF is going to be bounded by the highest observed frequency, while the true CDF is unbounded. 3370. 7) f ( x) = 1 σ 2 π exp. One thing to be aware of is that your empirical distribution is usually bounded by the way it's constructed, while the CDF may not be. 5 % = 16 %. A theoretical probability distribution is a known distribution like the normal 2. May 20, 2022 · Revised on June 21, 2023. Also read, events in probability, here. 354 σ. State the values of a and b. x – M = 1380 − 1150 = 230. 9[/latex] and the sample standard deviation [latex]=4. 5 days ago · The normal distribution is a theoretical distribution. 8 Discrete Distribution (Dice Experiment Using Sampling distribution of the sample mean. The game only looks at non-negative differences. 2 Mean or Expected Value and Standard Deviation; 4. 11 shows plots for \(n = 1000\), \(p = 0. This is the main idea of the Central Apr 9, 2022 · The normal distribution has two parameters (two numerical descriptive measures), the mean (μ) and the standard deviation (σ). The same atom can be listed more than once and where no quantity is listed it is assumed to be 1. . So it must be normalized (integral of negative to positive infinity must be equal to 1 in order to define a probability density distribution). What is the formula for standard deviation in Uniform Distribution? The standard deviation in Uniform Distribution is calculated by the formula σ = √[(y - x)² / 12]. Table of Contents: Definition; Negative Binomial Distribution; Examples; Formula; Mean and Variance It is theoretical because its frequency distribution is derived from a formula rather than the observation of actual data. Unlike theoretical probability, which is calculated using mathematical principles and assumptions about the underlying probability distribution, empirical probability is derived from actual outcomes obtained through observation or experimentation. 1. In a one-sample test, it compares the ECDF of the sample with the theoretical distribution function. Start Unit test. The sampling distributions are: n = 1: ˉx 0 1 P(ˉx) 0. 5 Hypergeometric Distribution; 4. Feb 13, 2020 · Theoretical probability is the likelihood that an event will happen based on pure mathematics. 1, assuming a Gaussian distribution, the peak width W is 4 σ and peak FWHM W0. State the values of a and \(b\). Probability of Event P (E) = No. Although a theoretical distribution (e. 2. On the TI-83/84 calculator, the commands on the TI-83/84 calculators when the number of trials is equal to n and the probability of a success is equal to p are \(\text{binompdf}(n, p, r)\) when you want to find P (x=r) and \(\text{binomcdf}(n, p, r The empirical distribution function is an estimate of the cumulative distribution function that generated the points in the sample. >> c = [10 18 10 3]; % Distribution for X in Example 6. The z score for a value of 1380 is 1. 6826. For a Poisson Distribution, the mean and the variance are equal. Browse more Topics under Theoretical Distributions. one) is distributed to different mass points in Apr 26, 2023 · Step 2: Calculate Theoretical Quantiles This time, we use the formula πₚ = Φ⁻¹(p, λ = 1/mean(X)), to calculate the theoretical quantiles mapped to each of the sample quantiles, where Φ⁻¹(p, λ) is the inverse of the CDF of the exponential distribution with rate λ. Here e = 2. The following examples are all valid: C6H6; C6H5Cl; CHCl3 (CH3)2CH2CH2(CH3)2; CH3C6H12CH3; COOHCHCH3NH2 THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTIONS CHAPTER 17 17. Theoretical mean: The app will take a sample from a discrete uniform distribution, which includes the numbers one through nine, and calculate the sample's mean. e. Nov 14, 2019 · Assuming the variable mile is sampled from a population which is normally distributed, how would I plot the theoretical normal distribution given an estimate of the mean and variance? data <- read. Instead of that, we should know about the situation to find the probability of an event occurring. Possible outcomes. When the ICDF is displayed (that is, the results are In other words, theoretical distribution is a statistical distribution received by a set of logical and mathematical reasoning from given principles or assumptions. 33. Aug 28, 2020 · Revised on June 21, 2023. Mar 27, 2023 · A rowing team consists of four rowers who weigh \(152\), \(156\), \(160\), and \(164\) pounds. of. Oct 23, 2020 · The normal distribution is a probability distribution, so the total area under the curve is always 1 or 100%. Shells: a Theoretical Formula for the Distribution of Weights of Fragments | SpringerLink The theoretical mean in Uniform Distribution is calculated by the formula μ = (x + y)/2. 1: Distribution of a Population and a Sample Mean. As we want to determine the probability of a tails twice, we need to multiply the probability of a tails in flip 1, 1, by the probability of a tails in flip 2. P (T ails) = 21. Theoretical Distribution of Data in One Shot | CA Foundation June 24 | Maths Stats & LR | ICAI ExamsWelcome to our comprehensive video tutorial on the Theore Jan 1, 1995 · The probability distribution function for the Poisson distribution is 72 4 Theoretical Probability Distributions txXe -~ Pr {X = x} = ~, (4. The class imbalance problem is prevalent in many real world applications. To find the expected value, E (X), or mean μ of a discrete random variable X, simply multiply each value of the random variable by its probability and add the products. [ − ( x − μ) 2 2 σ 2] where x is the magnitude of particular measurement, µ is the mean value of the entire population, and σ is the standard deviation of In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. In practice, we almost never know the population values for these two statistics. For n independent trials each of which leads to a success for exactly one of k categories, with each category Probability Distribution. Namely, one class is under-represented (minority class), and the other class has significantly more samples in the data (majority class). 5 cm? Explain the meaning of the 85 th percentile of this data. While the sampling distribution of the mean is the most common type, they can characterize other statistics, such as the median, standard deviation, range, correlation, and test statistics in hypothesis tests. Now, noting that there are two 2s, we need to jump 2/8 at x Both measures reflect variability in distribution, but their units differ: Standard deviation is expressed in the same units as the original values (e. The value of the expected outcomes is normally equal to the mean value for a and b, which are the minimum and maximum value parameters, respectively. Shade below that point. The horizontal axis in the bottom panel is labeled X – X – 's. A chi-square (Χ2) distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is used in many hypothesis tests. In a similar manner, we may think of a probability distribution where just like distributing the total frequency to different class intervals, the total probability (i. 7 Discrete Distribution (Playing Card Experiment) 4. Actually, the normal distribution is based on the function exp (-x²/2). The mean and median are almost equal. The student will compare empirical data and a theoretical distribution to determine if an everyday experiment fits a discrete distribution. g. 53. This is the theoretical distribution called the sampling distribution of the means. In rice-growing process,the time and numbers of tillering are based on certain laws of distribution. It provides the probabilities of different possible occurrences. 3 g, and the median is 258 g. , like shown here (this is also the way it is done in qqplot in R)? Simply put, an empirical distribution changes w. The theoretical probability is defined as the ratio of the number of favourable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes. Proof. Step 1: Subtract the mean from the x value. 2 Binomial Distribution. So I'll write two 25th right over there. And that makes sense because the probability of getting five heads is the same as the probability of getting zero tails, and the probability of getting zero tails should be the same as the probability of getting zero heads. A reasonable approach is to make the prior a normal distribution with expected value equal to today's noontime temperature, with variance equal to the day-to-day variance of atmospheric temperature, or a distribution of the Theoretical Probability Distributions. May 27, 2024 · A probability distribution is an idealized frequency distribution. The test relies on empirical cumulative distribution functions or ECDFs. t. It means that E (X We have We compute the square of the expected value and add it to the variance: Therefore, the parameters and satisfy the system of two equations in two unknowns By taking the natural logarithm of both equations, we obtain Subtracting the first equation from the second, we get Then, we use the first equation to obtain We then work out the formula for the distribution function of a log-normal Jul 11, 2024 · Black Scholes Model: The Black Scholes model, also known as the Black-Scholes-Merton model, is a model of price variation over time of financial instruments such as stocks that can, among other Informative priors. Mar 27, 2023 · Figure 6. r. If you try to graph that, you'll see Nov 21, 2023 · Through the use of the theoretical probability formula, this means that the probability is of the desired button being pressed by the monkey is 1/20, which is . The synthetic minority over-sampling The exponentially modified normal distribution is another 3-parameter distribution that is a generalization of the normal distribution to skewed cases. 1 Probability Distribution Function (PDF) for a Discrete Random Variable; 4. The Normal Distribution or more aptly, the Gaussian Distribution is the most important continuous probability distribution in statistics. Where tR is retention time and σ is standard deviation. Learn the formula to calculate the two outcome distribution among multiple experiments along with solved examples here in this article. csv", sep = "\t", header = TRUE) data name mile 1 dat1 5039 2 dat1 2883 3 dat2 135 4 dat2 104 5 dat3 32 6 dat3 192 Apr 2, 2023 · The sample mean = 7. 15 % + 2. When you throw the dice 10 times, you have a binomial distribution of n = 10 and p = ⅙. The mean will be : Mean of the Uniform Distribution= (a+b) / 2. Theoretical distribution is the opposite of distribution derived by real-world data derived by empirical research. Split the range (0,1) into q-quantiles where q is the number of samples in the sample distribution and then get the corresponding values from the theoretical distribution, e. n = 5: In probability theory and statistics, the continuous uniform distributions or rectangular distributions are a family of symmetric probability distributions. 1875 . Feb 8, 2024 · The form of the Gaussian Probability Density Function can be seen below. The experimental probability of an event is based on the number of times the event has occurred during the experiment and the total number of times the experiment was conducted. The graph below shows examples of chi-square distributions with different values of k. 5h is 2. 03\). Less formally, it can be thought of as a model for the set of possible outcomes The sample mean = 7. Table of contents. 9 and the sample standard deviation = 4. Take a sample from a population, calculate the mean of that sample, put everything back, and do it over and over. An example is a prior distribution for the temperature at noon tomorrow. v. For example, if a player rolls a 1 and a 4 , the difference is 3 . Or put it another way, an empirical distribution is determined by the sample, whereas a theoretical distribution can determine the sample coming out of it. In probability theory and statistics, the Bernoulli distribution, named after Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli, [1] is the discrete probability distribution of a random variable which takes the value 1 with probability and the value 0 with probability . 1 with ai = 1 / n. Here is an example of Sample mean vs. 1 7. An example is the traditional bell curve for ranking students. Probability distribution represents an abstract representation of the frequency distribution. A number of results exist to quantify the rate of convergence of the empirical distribution function to About this unit. The Formula can input using the standard one or two letter chemical symbols, number of atoms and parenthesizes where applicable. Further more,through seedling condition diagnosis and cultivation scheme establishment,high-yielding and standardized cultivation of rice can be achieved in a scientific way. Using mathematical formula,theoretical tillering numbers in different leafing stages can be calculated. E ( X) = μ = ∑ x P ( x). observed) data. SD = 150. Each observation on this distribution is a sample mean. Theoretical Distribution Using the theoretical distribution, complete the following statements. E. The theoretical probability distribution also permits statistical In Poisson distribution, the mean of the distribution is represented by λ and e is constant, which is approximately equal to 2. 5 0. In probability theory, the multinomial distribution is a generalization of the binomial distribution. P (Tails)= \frac {1} {2}. Remember, we will never know what this distribution looks like, or its mean or standard deviation for that matter. Calculate probabilities and expected value of random variables, and look at ways to transform and combine random variables. Now the approximate probability of zero appetizers is going to be 40 over 500, which is the same thing as four over 50, which is the same thing as two over 25. The density function, here, is: F (x) = 1 / (b-a) Jan 5, 2023 · Class imbalance occurs when the class distribution is not equal. f(x) = 1 σ 2π−−√ exp[ − (x − μ)2 2σ2] (Chapter 3. Sample standard deviation formula = √[ Σ (xi – x̅) 2 /(n-1) ] and variance formula = σ 2 = Σ (xi – x̅) 2 /(n-1) What Is Mean-Variance and Standard Deviation in It can be written as the ratio of the number of favorable events divided by the number of possible events. to the sample coming from it. zq af nn vv eb yh hh wx cn bp